An Essay on Social Contract Theory - 3151 Words

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY Social contract theory (or contractarianism) is a concept used in philosophy, political science and sociology to denote an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens, or more generally a similar concord between a group and its members, or between individuals. All members within a society are assumed to agree to the terms of the social contract by their choice to stay within the society without violating the contract; such violation would signify a problematic attempt to return to the state of nature. It has been often noted, indeed, that social contract theories relied on a specific anthropological conception of man as either good or evil. Thomas†¦show more content†¦Jean-Jacques Rousseau Du Contrat social (1762) Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), in his influential 1762 treatise The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right, outlined a different version of contract theory, based on the conception of popular sovereignty, defined as indivisible and inalienable - this last trait explaining Rousseaus aversion for representative democracy and his advocacy of direct democracy. Rousseaus theory has many similarities with the individualist Lockean liberal tradition, but also departs from it on many significant points. For example, his theory of popular sovereignty includes a conception of a general will, which is more than the simple sum of individual wills: it is thus collectivist or holistic, rather than individualist. As an individual, Rousseau argues, the subject can be egoist and decide that his personal interest should override the collective interest. However, as part of a collective body, the individual subject puts aside his egoism to create a general will, which is popular sovereig nty itself. Popular sovereignty thus decides only what is good for society as a whole: The heart of the idea of the social contract may be stated simply: Each of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole... Hence, Rousseaus famous sentence: We shall force themShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Social Contract Theory3139 Words   |  13 PagesSOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY Social contract theory (or contractarianism) is a concept used in philosophy, political science and sociology to denote an implicit agreement within a state regarding the rights and responsibilities of the state and its citizens, or more generally a similar concord between a group and its members, or between individuals. All members within a society are assumed to agree to the terms of the social contract by their choice to stay within the society without violating the contract;Read MoreEssay On Social Contract Theory1950 Words   |  8 PagesIn this paper, I will prove that Social Contract Theory is a good philosophy to follow. Social Contract Theory allows society as a whole to function the best, has he most fairness for all people in a society and generates the greatest amount of happiness in society. Social Contract Theory was founded by Thomas Hobbs and was presented in his book the Leviathan in 1651. The theory is the idea that the people within a society all agree to act in a moral way to avoid the State of Nature, this way ofRead MoreThe Social Contract Theory Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pages1a. The Social Contract Theory According to the Social Contract Theory, it suggests that all individuals must depend on an agreement/ or contract among each person to form a society, in which they live in. The concept emphasizes authority over individuals, in other words, the social contract favors authority (e.g. the Sovereign) over the individuals, because men have to forfeit their personal right and freedom to the government, in exchange for protection and security, which I will further elaborateRead MoreEssay about Social Contract Theory1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthe following pages I will show how modern social contract theory, especially that of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, grew into the divisive issue it is in contemporary political philosophy. I will do so by briefly unpacking the recent history of social contract theory and why it is a source of political divide today. Modern social contract theory can trace its roots to prominent thinkers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. It is their thoughts on social contracts that lie at the center of the many spheresRead MoreWhat is the Social contract theory? Essay29901 Words   |  120 PagesWrite a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you analyze the social contract theory of John Locke and how the values identified are consistent with the criminal justice system and private security settings. Do these values and principles apply to both venues? †¢ What are the key principles associated with Locke’s social contract theory? †¢ How are these principle inculcated in the U.S. Bill of Rights? †¢ How do the principles play out in the criminal justice system and security settings? †¢ DescribeRead MoreEvolution and the Modern Social Contract Theory : Essay Outline1050 Words   |  5 PagesThe Emergence of the Modern Social Contract Theory Essay Outline POLS 14033 – Political Ideas and Ideologies The Emergence of the Modern Social Contract Theory Essay Question: Firstly, in this essay, we will describe and analyze the various concepts of the evolution and emergence of the modern social contract theory thru the analysis of several of its key political thinkers. We will provide a detailed review of the concepts that have developed and that were crucial for theRead MoreIn This Essay, I Will Examine Social Contract Theory And1619 Words   |  7 Pages In this essay, I will examine social contract theory and explain the perspectives of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. From there, I will explore Dostoyevsky’s poem, Grand Inquisitor, and conduct an analysis of the relationships between the Grand Inquisitor and his subjects as well as Jesus and his followers. After, I will draw parallels associating The Grand Inquisitor’s relationship to his subjects with Thomas Hobbes’ perspective on social contract theory. Similarly, I will analogize Jesus’ relationshipRead MoreSocial Contract Theory of John Locke Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Contract Theory of John Locke Given the honored and extensive authority that the social contract theory upholds, the supposition still endures various assessments. The view that people’s ethical and political responsibilities are reliant upon a contract between them to structure a society is also precisely linked with current ethical and political theory. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), a prominent truth-seeker among other professions of the 17th and early 18th centuries, is primarily recognizedRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes Social Contract Theory982 Words   |  4 Pagesorder, to have more order; we must have security, so the social contract appeared. Thomas Hobbes implies to the idea of social contract to resolve the problem of war and disorder. If social contract were not created, there would be no law. If there’s no law, the citizens would do as they please. If that’s the case, the citizens will disregard traffic sign, traffic light, restriction sign and etc. I agreed with the idea of social contract because it’s very much similar to the Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreEssay on Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract597 Words   |  3 Pagesexperience of ages â€Å"(Hamilton). Hamilton harkens to the great English Philosopher, Thomas Hobbes and the Social Theory Contract for a clear understanding of the issues. The Social Contract Theory is the basis for the Declaration of Independence and the guiding theories for the Unite States Government as well as many other governments, such as the European Union, England and France, to name a few. The theory is about why people choose to give us some of their rights and powers in order to form a government

The Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide

There are a few different forms of physician-assisted death, such as active, passive, and assisted suicide. To some people they may mean the same thing but in reality, they are quite different. Active euthanasia is when a physician physically injects the patient with a drug that ends their live or in some way is the direct result of the patient’s death. Passive euthanasia is the result of something taken away from the patient that results in their death, such as removing a breathing tube or stopping treatment. Physician assisted suicide is the result of lethal medication given to the patient for them to take on their own time when they are ready to end their life. Some people see these different forms as being the same while others see them as being different. There are four ethical principles that become involved in conflict with these forms of euthanasia. These principles are beneficence, autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice, which act against each other sometimes in the c ases of euthanasia. Beneficence is the duty of the physician to have the welfare of the patient is their first concern. This principle sometime goes against euthanasia because of the fact the physicians are stopping treatment, which results in the death of the patient. Many argue this act is the result of not thinking of the patient’s welfare. Another principle is autonomy, according to Steve Pantilat, â€Å"Autonomous individuals act intentionally, with understanding, and without controlling influences†Show MoreRelatedThe Ethical Principles Of Physician Assisted Suicide1214 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide (PAS), refers to self-administration of medication prescribed to a patient by their physician to end his or her life, and euthanasia, the administering of lethal drugs by a physician to end a patient’s life (Lachman, 2015) are extremely controversial topics. For several decades, supporters for the legalization of PAS and euthanasia have serv ed as advocates for terminally ill patients who wish to have an alternative to a long, drawn out, painful death. These supportersRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide, When Is It Acceptable?1709 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-Assisted Suicide, When is it acceptable? Assisted suicide had raised issues of great importance in the society particularly the most controversial of all, the physician assisted suicide in the health care field. Since Oregon and other states implemented the legalization of physician assisted suicide, the debates continues. The U.S. Supreme Court decisions in 1997 and the Pain Relief Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 5544) have kept these topics on the policy of the national agenda, along withRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : Controversial Healthcare And Political Realms Alike1218 Words   |  5 Pages Physician-Assisted Suicide Elissa Munoz-Tucker University of Arizona Abstract Physician-assisted suicide is controversial in healthcare and political realms alike. Currently, this end-of-life option is practiced in five states within the United States. Social concerns regarding assisted suicide revolve around ethical quandaries; providing the means to a patient’s death is contradictory to ethical principles of healthcare providers. Political concerns surroundingRead MoreAssisted Suicide : A Controversial Subject1224 Words   |  5 Pages11/20/2014 Assisted suicide is a controversial subject that welcomes death over life and presents many ethical dilemmas. We are frequently confronted with situations that raise ethical and moral questioning in our lifetimes. Traumatic events, as witnessed in the cases of Terri Schiavo, Brittany Maynard and Dax Cowart, often leave an impression on one s mortality and fate. Decisions may leave us questioning our moral, ethical, and spiritual beliefs. This report will address the ethical implicationsRead MoreThe Death Of Physician Assisted Suicide1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who think it could be immoral. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting the physician-assisted suicide. To guarantee that the process is carried out correctly a doctor or a witness should be there to prove consciousness. The patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness, if they are not then there is a possibility for a life. There are many pro†™s and con’s to physician-assisted suicide. If a person is terminally ill theyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1720 Words   |  7 PagesIt is obvious discussing physician-assisted suicide is a very controversial issue that is discussed daily by those who wish to die to avoid loss of dignity and also by those who think it is unethical. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered, the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting death with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for people who are unable to end their own lives. However, there should be safeguards to prevent any sort of abuseRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legal?810 Words   |  4 PagesThe Right to Die Having the right to life, also gives one the right to death. Outrageously, physician assisted suicide is illegal in all but five states in the U.S; including California, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Vermont; this law, violating rules of ethics, also defies morals. Some actions in the past, including women not having voting rights, and experimentation on prisoners and the mentally ill, also infringed upon ethics and morale. Women not being permitted to vote before theRead MoreWhat Is Black And White Anymore? Death With Dignity Laws994 Words   |  4 Pagesmentally competent, terminally ill adults to request a prescription medication from their physician for hastening their death. Commonly also described as physician-assisted suicide, Physician-assisted dying, aid in dying, or medical aid-in-dying. (death with dignity, n.d.) This includes clearly the establishment of the needed knowledge intentionally as well as knowingly to an individual so that he or she can commit sui cide. This knowledge may involve counseling the person on the lethal drug doses in termsRead MoreEthical Considerations in Dealing with Changes in the Healthcare System929 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, ethical considerations are becoming a major factor in dealing with changes in the healthcare system. A topic of consideration that creates controversial discussion is the subject of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-assisted suicide is described as the act in which a physician provides the means necessary for the client to perform the act of suicide. The issue of physician-assisted suicide is viewed through many different perspectives. The topic of physician-assisted suicide has beenRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Not Be Legalized1194 Words   |  5 Pagessubject of legalizing physician-assisted suicide is hotly debated these days. There have been many high profile cases including Dr. Jack Kevorkian in the 90’s to the young Oregonian Brittany Maynard who ended her life just this year. Physician-assisted suicide is currently legal in Oregon, Washington, and Montana. However, even where legal, it is unethical for medical professionals to engage in assisting patients to end their lives. There are many good alternatives to physician-assisted death available

Bibliography Capstone Literature Review - 835 Words

Tiffanie McKee Capstone Literature Review Hiwassee College Capstone Literature Review Patient P has a limited medication history, however, other factors are detrimental to control in order to prevent negative effects on the oral cavity and the overall health of the body. The factors of concern for Patient P include tobacco use, alcohol intake, prehypertension, plaque biofilm, and calculus formation. Patient P is currently taking mucinex due to seasonal allergies. Mucinex can also cause oral side effects that can impact treatment. Tobacco use and alcohol intake is a major concern in order to prevent health risks to the oral cavity and to the overall body. Prehypertension Blood pressure is taken in order to assess any precautions for treatment. An elevated blood pressure between the ranges of 130-139/85-89 mmHg is known as prehypertension. Prehypertension is a health concern due to an increase risk for cardiovascular disease and organ damage if continued left untreated. Cardiovascular related events associated with prehypertension include heart failure and myocardial infarction. Prehypertension can be caused by an increased amount of stress, lifestyle changes, or can be caused by a secondary disease. Factors that can influence high blood pressure include obesity, smoking, alcohol, excessive sodium intake, lack of physical activity, and diet. Secondary diseases associated with high blood pressure include diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. BloodShow MoreRelatedCapstone Project Guidelines Pdf3828 Words   |  16 PagesGUIDELINES FOR WRITING THE CAPSTONE PROJECT DOCUMENTATION Reminders: 1. All Italic words are reminders only. These are instructions on what should be the contents of every category. Read them carefully and follow the instructions. 2. All words that are normal in fonts are sample statements in every category or subtopic. You can use them as guide in writing your own. But remember that these are only sample statements, therefore, you should not imitate the length but you have to lengthen the statementsRead MorePersonal Review And Reflection Paper1262 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Review and Reflection Paper During the journey of my education, it was important to review and reflect on the activities and learning objectives that were completed. The purpose of this assignment was to discuss what was learned and what needed to be improved for the seven assignments that were required for this course, identify three valuable strengths with supporting evidence, identify three areas that need to be strengthened with supporting evidence, and list three goals with specificRead MorePaul Smith’s College Capstone Project Handbook11148 Words   |  45 PagesPAUL SMITH’S COLLEGE CAPSTONE PROJECT HANDBOOK Table of Contents Section I General Information Capstone Project Mentor Responsibilities Sample of Capstone Mentor Agreement Capstone Project Journal Format Preparation and Guidelines for the Capstone Project Proposal APA Format for Citations References Guidelines for Funding Capstone Projects Guidelines for Capstone Project Written Report Suggestions for Oral Presentations Format for Mini-Abstracts 2-6 7-8 9 10 11 - 16 17 - 21 22 – 23 24 - 29 30 -Read MoreCapstone Project : Beneficial Effects Of Honey On Wound Management1818 Words   |  8 PagesFocus of Capstone Project – Beneficial Effects of Honey in Wound Management The use of honey in wound care dates back to the Ancient Egyptians, who were credited with being the first beekeepers (Belcher, 2012). Honey was also used by the Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as an antiseptic. Dioscorides was a physician and botanist in ancient Greece and described honey as a treatment for ulcers, and there are other ancient reports about the use of honey from writings by Aristotle and Pliny (Burlando CornaraRead MoreResearch Proposal Outline: The Influence of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility on Profitability484 Words   |  2 Pagessources of data. Outline Introduction Definitions Theoretical framework Literature review Methodology The case study Results Discussions Implications Conclusion References Outcome(s) and contribution By the end of this research project, I look forward to have the following accomplished. Use the outcomes in contributing to the already existing literature as actual application in industry. Initial bibliography Carroll, A. B. (1983). Corporate social responsibility: Will industry respondRead MoreCapstone Format4756 Words   |  20 PagesTechnology (BSIT) program prepares students to be IT professionals, be well versed on application installation, operation, development, maintenance and administration, and familiar with hardware installation, operation, and maintenance. (CMO 53 s. 2006) Capstone project is required for the BSIT program. It should be in the form of a systems application or an enterprise resource plan (CMO 53 s. 2006). The skills, methods and theories learned by the students in their stay in the BSIT program are applied inRead MoreCapstone Project15365 Words   |  62 PagesThe Student Guide to the MSA Capstone Project Part 1: The Research Proposal and the Research Project Central Michigan University August 2012 Contents What is the MSA 699 Project? ........................................................................................................ 4 Overview of the MSA 699 Project................................................................................................... 5 Plagiarism and Ethics ..........................................Read MoreThe Environmental And Economic Pros And Cons Of Hydraulic Fracking2962 Words   |  12 Pagesand its potential impact on drinking water resources [Internet]. United States: Environmental Protection Agency; c2014 [updated 2014 Sep 15; cited 2014 Oct 21]. Available from: http://www2.epa.gov/hfstudy 6. Brownstein M. Safer Fracking. Technology review. 2013;116(1):49-66. In: Elsevier B.V. [database on the Internet]. [place unknown]: Elsevier B.V.; [updated 2013; cited 2014 Oct 21]; [Unknown]. Available from: http://www.technologyreview.com/view/509391/safer-fracking/. Article: 5. 7. David S. WhatRead MoreThe Role Of Achievement Motivation On Industrial Development : A Study Of Port Harcourt Municipal Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesA CAPSTONE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF NURSING TEXILA AMERICAN UNIVERSITY GUYANA SOUTH AMERICA BY EBOH THERESA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR RN TO MSN PROGRAMME OCTOBER 7TH 2016 THE ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF PORT HARCOURT MUNICIPAL) ABSTRACT This study focused on â€Å"The Role of Achievement Motivation in Industrial development: A study of Port Harcourt Municipal. The onus of the research was to X-ray theRead MoreNr451 Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Capstone1415 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SACRUM PRESSURE ULCER REDUCE WITH FOAM DRESSING Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Reduce With Strict Use of Foam Dressing Chamberlain School of Nursing Penni-Lynn Rolen NR 451 Capstone Course Sacrum Pressure Ulcer Reduce With Strict Use of Foam Dressing Despite advancement of technology, pressure ulcer continues to be a primordial in the health care system. Prevention of pressure ulcer remains an important issue in the health care facility. The critically ill ICU patient is the main target

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Example For Students

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay Crashing thunder and stormy skies are the scene set for Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, a story of pride, passion and power. When a zealous scientist tries to create a superhuman race that shall worship him as god all havoc breaks loose when his creation escapes. Unfortunately the creations experiences in the outside world are heartbreaking and soon vows to avenge his misfortunes by destroying his creator. And as the monster is a bundle of stitched together parts the book is a biblio-genesis means that the book is a mixture of different genres-Romantic, Horror and the newly formed Gothic. This is one of the reasons for the books enduring popularity, but what are the differences from the contemporary audience of 1818 to the modern 2006 reader. The book starts at the end with Victor Frankenstein in chase of his creation in mind for its destruction, he unfortunately looses it and is washed in to the icy land of the North pole. He is discovered by Robert Walton, a man on the quest for the North-West passage. On Waltons ship when Frankenstein recovers he begins to tell Walton of his reason for being in the North Pole. Frankensteins main character is the crazed scientist Victor Frankenstein, a young Swiss boy, he grows up in Geneva reading the works of ancient and outdated alchemists, a background that serves him ill when he attends university at Ingolstadt. After mastering all that the professors have to teach he becomes captivated by the secret of life. After discovering the secret he begins work on his master race and those who bless me creator. Unfortunately when he sees the hideousness of the monster he runs and later finds the monster gone. Now with the monster gone he returns to his home after hearing of the death of his brother, not knowing it was by the hand of the monster. Victor changes over the course if the novel from a innocent youth fascinated by the prospects of science into a disillusioned, guilt-ridden man determined to destroy the fruits of his arrogant scientific endeavour. Victor in a sense is seen as a tragic character but he doesnt have that critical attribute, the realisation of his misdeeds and the acknowledgement of them. My past conduct; nor do I find it blamable . At the end of the novel when Victor dies. With the multiple narrators and, hence, multiple perspectives the novel leaves the reader with contrasting interpretations of Victor- mad scientist or brave adventurer. This adds to the popularity of the book as readers cannot relate to Victor and find him in-depth and new. The contemporary audience would have never seen a character like Victor Frankenstein and the morale dilemma posed by the book-dangerous knowledge-would have never been tapped into. Although times have changed and the media frenzy over new and improved versions of the classic still continue to shape our perspectives to the mad scientist in search of ungainable knowledge in modern times. Just as the monster is the heart of the story the structure is too. With the narrations of Walton to his sister, Victor to Walton , Monster to Victor, Victor to Walton and finally Walton to Monster. The monster lies right in the middle of everything. After escaping Victors lab the monster heads towards nature, he is and adult in size but a child in mind. He has no conception of senses and language. When he finds a burning fire he is amazed at the warmth it radiates in the cold surroundings, but he is confused when he puts his finger in the fire and hurts himself. He is unable to determine how something that offers such pleasure could also be a thorn. The monster is Victors creation, assembled from old body parts and strange chemicals, animated by a mysterious spark. Abandoned by his creator and confused he tries to socialize only to beaten and chased because of his stature. .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .postImageUrl , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:visited , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:active { border:0!important; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:active , .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415 .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c8a0f9e720131db74e193060b79c415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What could be said to be the deeper meaning or implicit message of An Inspector Calls EssayAfter several unsuccessful encounters with humans he decides to take refuge in an old barn. He is happy to find that he can spy on his neighbours through a small hole. There he learns the human language and now can relate emotions to causes. He then decides to approach a member of that family, an old blind man who can see past his grotesque form. Unfortunately he is interrupted by the old mans nephew and he chase the monster out of the house. Vengeful he acclaims to take revenge on his creator for abandoning him , and therefore starts his journey to Geneva. The monster is never born evil in the book only the way society has treated him has morphed him into what he later becomes- a cold blooded killer. Waltons letters to his sister frame around the main narrative. Walton captains a North pole bound ship and although the constant urges from his sister to return safely, he says I shall kill no albatross. Walton parallels Victor in many ways, like Victor e is an explorer and chasing after country of eternal light- unpossessed knowledge. Victor influence is great but he eventually turns back unlike Victor. These characters add a lot of imagination to the book and this furthermore adds greatly to the books enduring popularity. Three seemingly alike characters but in many ways different, they all narrate part of the book and this provides three different views on the same plot. In a way that echoes the monsters stitched-together body parts, the novel is a collection of stitched-together genres. This is no less apparent than in chapter 5. The book is a mixture of genres- Horror, Gothic, Romantic, Semi-Autobiographical and science fiction. Chapter 5 is the creation of the monster and the Horror, Gothic and Sci-fi themes are clear as Mary Shelly has used fitting features to all these genres. Dreary Night, Rain pattered dismally, Horrid Contrast. Horror is the darkness and our natural fear of the unknown. Sci-fi is the horrid creature from another world or unearthly. Gothic, a new genre at the time, led by Frankenstein. Gothic elements are everywhere, they create tension, fear and curiosity. In chapter 5, Shelly has used Gothic elements such as the dismal weather, the flickering candle, the lonely mad scientist and the improper wretch. This adds to the enduring popularity as the social context of that time was that science was the way forward and people began to question certain religious beliefs. The books anti science message is clear. It says that unpossessed knowledge isnt always good. The themes in the book are diverse as Frankenstein is a biblio-genesis, a collection of seamed together parts from other works. Greatly influenced by Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The mariners story parallels Waltons and Victors, they are all at the land of ice and snow. Just as the mariner tells his tale to the wedding guest for redemption, Victor is driven by guilt. Both Victor and the mariner cause their own destruction- The mariner should have cared for the albatross, Victor should have cared for The monster. And as the killing of the albatross became literally and metaphorically a burden for the mariner, the monster, likewise, is Victors burden. They are also linked when Walton mentions to his sister that he shall kill no albatross. In conclusion, the enduring popularity of Frankenstein is testimony to a great writer. Shelley has used many new elements to achieve this, on the way inventing a new genre. Frankenstein is seen as a fore father of all modern gothic novels, rightly so it has had many alternatives and we have seen the creature in many different lights. The heart of its popularity lies within the creation of the monster and Shelley has used many different themes to entice and incaptivate audiences till now and probably for generations to come. Character such as Victor and the creature will never be forgotten due to their unique traits and flaws. I suspect that the novels ideas and plots will continue to last whether under different titles.