Managers Should Stick to Leading and Directing....

„Managers should stick to leading and directing. Facilitation has no place in management.† Is facilitation really not needed and wanted in management? In the following pages I will discuss the validity of this statement with its pros and cons. Historical evolution of management thought If we go back in history we are shown how managers became what they are now. They use basically the same techniques and have the same principles managers from decades back had already. Management and leadership have always played a role in very old institutions for instance the church and the army. Leadership qualities such as leading others, being composed, confident and resilient were and are typical for those institutions. Furthermore those†¦show more content†¦Successful companies even show that systematic training and motivation for their employees not only pay off socially but also economically. These companies have less absences and labour turnover rates than comparable companies in the same branch that don’t train their employees. Furthermore their workers show a higher motivation and innovation input. Looking at it internationally a â€Å"standardized† management style has many advantages. For one thing it makes the behaviour of bosses towards staff more judgeable (for the staff) and for another thing it leads to more fairness. That means that situations are managed similarly in different functions and departments. Through that, communication and cooperation with each other is way easier. Demotivating feelings of iniquitousness don’t even come up. Of course internationally as nationally there are all sorts of managerial styles. It goes from the authoritative style where the boss gives orders without explanations to the cooperative style where there are mutual agreements between superior and employee. Also the laissez-faire or the autonomic style where the decisions and responsibilities are to a great extent or even completely up to the employee. But leading also depends on the circumstances and the situation in which leading takes place. For instance the company structure, the organization, the corporate culture, the personality of the employee and the boss and theShow MoreRelatedLeading Function of Management15642 Words   |  63 Pages1 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT – Report on The LEADING Function of Management FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT Management has been described as a social process involving responsibility for economical and effective planning regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamic process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to eachRead MoreRole of Communication Employee Involvement in the Process of an Organizational Change23165 Words   |  93 Pagestechnology, information processing and communication, and competition. Some changes in the organization occur suddenly without the conscious efforts of the people. These are called unplanned changes. On the other hand, some changes are initiated by the management to accomplish certain goals and objectives. These are called planned changes. More often, change is met with resistance. The resistance can be implicit (or covert) or explicit (or overt). Resistance to change can be classified into individualRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesis an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S.Read MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreDemystifying Six Sigma - a Company-Wide Approach to Continuous Improvement22857 Words   |  92 Pagesto Continuous Improvement Alan Larson American Management Association New York †¢ Atlanta †¢ Brussels †¢ Buenos Aires †¢ Chicago †¢ London †¢ Mexico City San Francisco †¢ Shanghai †¢ Tokyo †¢ Toronto †¢ Washington, D. C. Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associations, and other organizations. For details, contact Special Sales Department, AMACOM, a division of American Management Association, 1601 Broadway, New York, NY 10019. TelRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesBusiness Management Study Manuals Advanced Diploma in Business Management STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The Association of Business Executives 5th Floor, CI Tower ï‚ · St Georges Square ï‚ · High Street ï‚ · New Malden Surrey KT3 4TE ï‚ · United Kingdom Tel: + 44(0)20 8329 2930 ï‚ · Fax: + 44(0)20 8329 2945 E-mail: info@abeuk.com ï‚ · www.abeuk.com  © Copyright, 2008 The Association of Business Executives (ABE) and RRC Business Training All rights reserved No part of this publication may beRead MoreManagement Control Systems Pdf115000 Words   |  460 PagesPrinciples of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI UNIVERSITY S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 Principles of Management Control Systems 20 Fo rI B ICFAI Center for Management Research Road # 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500 034 S U se O nl y C la s s of 09 ï›™ The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India, January 2006. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, usedRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesTokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director:

Supply Chain Management ( Klassen Why Bark, 1994 )

A supply chain can be termed as a network of organizations that collaborate to share information and materials. Supply chain management is a way by which the companies can gain competitive advantage over their competitors by reducing their cost and lead time and at the same time increasing their efficiency by differentiating the processes and the links between the suppliers and the buyers (Klassen Why bark, 1994). For doing so, using IT based systems is the need of the hour. With the ever growing demand and expectations from the customers along with dynamically changing market, the companies are turning to the successful deployment of IT to re-engineer their supply chain, so as to sustain and grow their business. (Poter, 1986). This is a great opportunity to incorporate IT into supply chain due to the increasing development in IT and communication that leads to integration of system architecture and Information technology (Balan, Vrat, Kumar, Assessing the challenges and opportunit ies of global supply chain management, 2006). Moreover optimal information sharing using IT based systems has reduced the need for sharing of information within the organization (Balan, Vrat, Kumar, Information distortion in a supply chain and its mitigation by using Soft Computing Approach, 2009). The recent advances have also made it possible for the companies to be flexible and be able to respond quickly to the changing demands and conditions of the market. (Lee, So, Tang, 2000) IKEA

Effect of Piston Vibration on Engine Performance Free-Sample

Question: Write a Literaure Review on "Effect of Piston Vibration on Engine Performance". Answer: Literature Review Technological advancement has greatly contributed to the stiff competition currently being experienced in the automotive manufacturing industry. Fuel economy and engine efficiency have become critical design concerns in the industry. Admittedly, demand for efficient automobiles has pushed engineers to rethink harder. One of the topics in which a lot of research is currently being undertaken is the engine vibration. There is need to produce efficient and vibration-free cars. Theoretically, this is possible but practically, there would always be some form of vibration as the engine operates (Johnson, 2003). However, the unwarranted engine vibration has often been a draw back on maximizing the performance of the engines. Most research engineers agree wholeheartedly that engine vibration is among the major issues of concern in automobiles. Notably, there are two main types of engine vibrations; namely, the torsional and longitudinal vibration (Ramachandran Padmanaban, 2012). The former is caused by the fluctuating pressures on the crankshaft and its mountings while the later is produced due to the piston and cylinder reciprocating movement and their corresponding weights. Therefore, in a nutshell, according to Ramachandran Padmanaban (2012), an engine would mostly vibrate due to the unbalanced reciprocating parts; the frequent change in gas pressure inside the cylinder; the resulting forces due to the engine parts loads and the material features of the pistons. Now, many a researchers have greatly made attempts to point out at the possible effects the engine vibration, specifically pistons, have on the engine performance. In fact, the piston vibration can be attributed to the frequent changing of the mass moment of inertia due to the cyclic fashion in which the center of mass of the piston moves (Guzzomi, 2007). Consequently, the performance of the engine is grossly affected. In fact, according to Guzzomi (2007), about a half of engine losses are attributed to the piston rings, skirt and connecting pins. But what exactly causes these vibrations? As mentioned earlier, RamachandranPadmanaban (2012) opine that the vibrations are due to: (1) the unbalanced reciprocating parts; (2) the frequent change in gas pressure within the cylinder; (3) the forces due to the engine reciprocation; and (4) the material features of the piston parts. However, to cement our understanding of the phenomenon, it is crucial to illustrate the structural configuration of the pistons. The piston is normally the moving part of the engine; its movement is actuated by the forces produced by the fuel combustion. It normally moves up and down from the bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. During the power cycle, a lot of heat is produced, which causes the piston to expand, hence some dimensional clearance is always allowed between the piston and the cylinder wall. Consequently, the pistons must often be made of lighter and thermally conductive materials like Aluminum. In fact it is the most commonly used piston material. However, like with all other materials, Aluminum expands when heated; therefore, provisions are often made to allow smooth movement of the pistons up and down within the cylinder bore without allowing excessive power loss due to compression loss or for the piston to cease in the cylinder (University of Windsor, 2016). Notably, according to University of Windsor (2016), the piston features include: piston pins, head, skirt and rings (ring grooves, ring lands, and pistons ring). The piston pin connects the piston to the connecting rod. The skirt, located near the crankshaft, aligns the piston as it moves in the cylinder bore. The groove ensures that the piston rings are restricted especially during engine operation. The modern piston heads are bowl-shaped unlike the traditional flat designs. This often creates a vortex flow of fuel hence allowing perfect mixing of air and fuel (George, 2017). Consequently, the perfect air-fuel mixing has a considerable improvement in the mec hanical power of the engine as all fuel injected into the cylinder get burnt. Besides, such piston designs are now being used in the gasoline powered engines as it encourages direct mixing as well (George, 2017). Additionally, as mentioned earlier, the piston material greatly affects the performance of the engine. The piston is normally subjected to fluctuations in pressure, thermal stress and mechanical loads. Therefore, the piston material selected is often one with greater structural integrity. More often, it must withstand those constraints vis--vis the manufacturing cost. Cast Aluminum alloy are often the compromised material. For instance, the lightweight property of Aluminum would reduce the loads hence ultimately the vibrations during operation are minimized. Admittedly, however, operational performance of most of these top-class piston designs often uncovers loopholes which would otherwise largely remain hidden during design. The most annoying engine problems, according to Carley (2013) include: noise, vibration and harshness (NVH). These three operational issues must be minimized to ensure efficient and safe performance of the engine. Now, as earlier mentioned, one of the contributing factors in engine vibration is the unbalanced forces due to the rotating parts of the piston Al Guzzomi (2007). Carley (2013) agrees with this notion and even goes ahead to confirm that the speeds of the engines with unbalanced parts can greatly magnify these vibrations as the centripetal forces increase. In fact, Carley (2013) bluntly states that if the rotational speed is doubled, for instance, then the centripetal force would quadruple causing more vibrations in the engine. Additionally, the position of pistons centre of gravity also has an effect on the vibration. Notably, the piston pin is normally slightly positioned outside the geometrical axis of the piston head to easily change the motion from the pistons reciprocation to rotational movement of the crankshaft. Connectedly, therefore, any unbalanced mass in the head would trickle down to the crankshaft. The crankshaft often tries to rotate about its central axis but with inherited problems, the rotation would not be smooth thanks to the transferable vibrations. Consequently, this sets the entire engine into a massive vibration which hinders smooth ride. Additionally, the vibrations, if not checked and rectified in time, can create a mountain of problems with the ultimate one being engine shutdown. For instance, as the piston head vibrates, the rings and seals are impounded upon by the impact causing more gas leaks. These leaks are often the major cause of mechanical power losses. In a diesel engine , where a particular compression ratio must be reached before power cycle takes over, there would be possible delays leading to inconsistent firing and misfiring thanks to the leaks. Additionally, the resulting crankshafts torsion vibration may cause material fatigue and stresses which ultimately leads to cracks and grand-scale failure. Secondly, Al Guzzomi (2007) attributes that the structural characteristics and configuration of the cylinders can be a potential cause of engine vibration. Engineering Explained (2015) cements this notion by pointing at the inline cylinder configuration loopholes. More often, the inline type does not balance the secondary forces (Engineering Explained, 2015) leading to engine vibration. Furthermore, according to Pente at al (2013) there is another occurring phenomenon in the piston technically referred to as piston slap. This describes a situation where the piston diameter is smaller than that of the cylinder bore. In such a case, therefore, free movement of the piston is allowed causing knocking sounds as the piston impacts on the cylinder walls (Pente et al, 2013). This traverse movement of the piston causes a lot of noise and consequently, too much vibration results. Admittedly, wear rate would normally go up. However, there have been substantive researches done in this area with the aim of actually troubleshooting the phenomenon. Further more, some brilliant minds discovered techniques to analyze the engine vibration. Griffiths Skorecki (1964) discovered interesting facts about the vibration of the single-cylinder engine. They painstakingly investigated and uncovered that diesel engines would likely produce more noise when the cooling system temperature is very low. But how is this related to the piston vibration? Actually the piston slap was monitored using a motor which was connected to the engine; other sources of vibration were eliminated and focus was on the effect of the piston slap (Griffiths Slorecki, 1964).Notably, noise results from vibrations and as mentioned earlier, the piston slap is often the common source. Haddad Pullen(1974) discovered a vibration monitoring technique. The phenomenon of piston slap could also be investigated using oscillographic and simulation technique to determine its relative magnitude, compared with the other noise sources of the engine (Haddad Pullen, 1974). Furthermore, it has been discovered that this source of noise is critical when it comes to analyzing the performance of the engines hence uncovering real-time techniques is one step in improving the engine performance. Chabot, L et al (2000) also contributed by giving the much needed insights on noise and vibration optimization of a petrol engine. In their study, they revealed how the engine noise and vibration could be optimized. They used a case to monitor the dynamic behavior of a 1.6 litre gasoline engine. According to Chabot et al (2000), the main objective was to reduce the low frequency radiated noise from the cylinder block. Zheng et al (2001) conducted a FEM/BEM analysis of diesel piston-slap induced ship hull vibration and underwater noise. Zheng et al (2001) employed finite element method to simulate the vibration response of the hull due to the excitations of diesel piston-slap and vertical inertia reciprocating force. Gerges, S et al. (2000) agree that the piston slap is the major contributor to noise and vibration in engines. The cause of vibration, in this case, is attributed to the cyclic variation in the gas pressure. Gerges, S et al(2000) further assert that the magnitude of vibration can significantly be magnified by the increased combustion activities. Now, there is another phenomenon, known as cycle-to-cycle variations, that occurs during piston-head-and-fuel-air-mixture engagement. According to Aydin (2011) by observing the cylinder pressure versus time measurements from a spark ignition engine, an interesting and substantial variation can be uncovered. Admittedly, the pressure development is uniquely related to the combustion process such that increased combustion translates to higher pressures in the cylinder, which increases the impact force on the piston head. Now, as Aydin (2011) points out, the pressures also vary from cylinder to cylinder. Therefore, vibrations due to the piston movement subsequently may also vary from cylinder to cylinder. Notably, however, Mechanical Engineers continue to grapple with these phenomena in the engines. There are a dozen designs of the pistons alone. Each with design features that boost the operational efficiency and safety of the engines. Thanks to the modern design tools, modern and sophisticated pistons are being manufactured. For example, the current design has a wave-like head in the crown (Lockridge, 2016). According to Lockridge (2016) there are six ridges at the centre of the piston such that spraying occurs between the ridges. This ensures that less soot is formed and the fuel is burnt completely. The technology is seen to be a game changer in the industry. However, even as concerns are being shifted to the design and development of pistons that integrate fuel economy and engine efficiency, manufacturing cost is normally not ignored. Actually, there have been a dozen proposals but after considering the cost implications, more often, these ideas are abandoned. Importantly, however , improvement of piston designs would still require these innovative approaches. Besides, alternatively, the search for piston materials which are more superior to the existing ones, in terms of properties, is still a work-in-progress. Furthermore, the electric car technology, as has been pointed out by many scholars, would still not provide a stiff competition to the ICE engines as the technology is still at an infantile stage. Hence, the automakers still have the grace period to make the necessary improvements in the existing technology, that is, the ICE engines. However, certainly, as far as internal combustion engines are still here with us, more sophisticated designs would still be realized in the future and the engineers will never stop to produce more efficient car engines. References Ramachandran, T Padmanaban, K. (2012). Review on Internal Combustion Engine Vibrations and Mountings. Dindigul, Tamilnadu. Available at: https://www.ijeset.com/media/8N5-IJESET0202516.pdf [Accessed: 9/4/2017] Guzzomi , A.L et al. (2007).Variable Inertia Effects of an Engine Including Piston Friction and a Crank or gudgeon pin offset. The University of Western Australia. Available at: https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/files/1489255/11941_PID11941.pdf University of Windsor.(2016). Piston and Piston Rings. Available at: https://courses.washington.edu/engr100/Section_Wei/engine/UofWindsorManual/Piston%20and%20Piston%20Rings.htm George, P. (2017). How does piston shape affect combustion? Available at: https://auto.howstuffworks.com/piston-shape-affect-combustion1.htm Carley, L. (2013). Maintaining Your Balance: Engine Building Tips to Reduce NVH and Increase Life. Available at: https://www.enginebuildermag.com/2013/11/maintaining-your-balance-engine-building-tips-to-reduce-nvh-and-increase-life/ Engineering Explained. (2015).The Pros And Cons Of Different Engine Types. Available at: https://www.carthrottle.com/post/engineering-explained-the-pros-and-cons-of-different-engine-types/ Pente, S et at.(2013). Vibrational Analysis of a VCR Diesel Engine: A Review. Available at: https://www.ijetae.com/files/Volume3Issue6/IJETAE_0613_74.pdf Griffiths, J J.Skorecki, J. (1964). Some aspects of vibration of a single cylinder diesel engine. Journal of sound and vibration vol.1 (345-364). Haddad, D Pullen, L.(1974). Piston slap as source of noise and vibration in diesel engine. Journal of sound and vibration 34(2), (249-260). Chabotm, L.. et al. (2000). Noise and Vibration Optimization of a Gasoline Engine. Fifth Ricardo Software International User Conference, Detroit. Zheng, Het al. (2001). FEM/BEM analysis of diesel piston-slap induced ship hull vibration and underwater noise. Gerges, Set al. (2000). A Literature Review of Diesel Engine Noise with Emphasis on Piston Slap. Online journal. Available at: https://iiav.org/ijav/content/volumes/5_2000_1108041287056607/vol_1/307_firstpage_164321287057558.pdf Aydin,K. (2011).Effect of Engine Parameters on Cyclic Variations in Spark Ignition Engines. Available at: https://web.firat.edu.tr/iats/cd/subjects/Automotive/ATE-14.pdf Johnson, L. (2003). Theory: Reciprocating Engine Vibration. Available at: https://www.dssmicro.com/theory/th_recip_vibs.htm Lockridge, D. (2016). Volvo Talks about Piston Technology in Latest Engines. Available at: https://www.truckinginfo.com/channel/fuel-smarts/article/story/2016/06/volvo-talks-about-piston-technology-in-latest-engines.aspx

Java-Based Arp free essay sample

The researchers aim to design a network program that will be used to prove and justify host network connectivity. The researchers would also like to develop the network program using a non-native language (java). This research program performs network hosts discovery, network hosts identification, blocking/cutting of host network connection and unblocking of blocked hosts. Network hosts discovery is done by using the ARP command-line tool and accessing the ARP cache to discover connected hosts. Another way to discover hosts is to use the find IP functionality of the program. Network hosts identification can be done by using the java. net package of java itself. The users host information can be retrieved using a combination of java. net package and other Windows based command-line tools. Blocking/Unblocking functionality of the network program uses Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing or also known as ARP poisoning technique. ARP spoofing can be achieved using Jpcap library to build an ARP packet, Ethernet packet and other packet types. We will write a custom essay sample on Java-Based Arp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Winpcap is also used to supplement the network program in accessing the raw network resources (i. e. Winsock for Windows). This program is used for an IPv4 network and run under Windows platform. The program will only be used for educational purposes, thus, any network security holes exploited by this program is for education studies only.